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The A-Z Of Drugs

The reality is that drugs are unpredictable. The effects can vary wildly from one person to another, with factors like where a person is, who they're with and their general state of mind all influencing the experience. But as unpredictable as drugs are - one thing's for sure, the more people know about them the better. So here's a straight-up guide to some of the most common chemicals on the market today.

Information reproduced with permission from http://www.talktofrank.com

A: B: C:
D: E: G:
H: I: K:
L: M: P:
R: S: T:
Alcohol
Alcohol can play a major part in many people's social lives. That's why it's easy to forget that it's actually a very powerful drug. Technically speaking, it's a depressant which means it slows down your body's responses in all kinds of ways. Just enough can make you feel great, too much and it's all over.

ID: You've heard them all before - booze, bevy, pop.

Appearance & Use
Alcohol comes in all kinds of forms. From the hard stuff - spirits like whisky and vodka - to the Alco pops and mixers that seem innocent but actually contain more alcohol by volume than beer or cider.
Cost
From own brand lagers to rare single malts, you can pay as much or as little as you like for Britain's favourite drug.
Purity
Because it's legal and sold only in licensed premises, most alcohol is unadulterated by anything very nasty. It's more likely that someone will try to put something in your drink like Rohypnol or GHB.
The Effects
  • Like most drugs, alcohol will exaggerate whatever mood you're in when you start drinking. So if you're on a bit of a downer when you hit the pub, you might just stay that way.
  • Alcohol is a relaxant so in moderation it can reduce feelings of anxiety, reduce inhibitions and make you feel more sociable.
  • It takes your body an hour to process one unit of alcohol. So it doesn't take a genius to work out that if you're downing them like there's no tomorrow, your body won't be able to cope. And you'll end up plastered.
  • One too many can strip you of your dignity. Slurring your words, loss of balance and vomiting are just some of the effects that you may want to avoid. Especially if you're trying to impress.
  • Time is the only thing that will help you process alcohol. Even a bathful of black coffee isn't going to sober you up if you've overdone it.
  • Official guidelines recommend no more than 3-4 units a day for adult men, 2-3 for adult women. One unit is half a pint of beer, lager or cider. One small glass of table wine. Or a 25ml measure of spirits.
Chances Of Getting Hooked
If you drink sensibly that's OK, but for some people it can soon get out of control. Alcoholism is a big problem for some.
The Risks
  • Dependence on alcohol can creep up on you. Tolerance increases with use so if you drink on a regular basis, over time you'll need more and more alcohol to reach the same state.
  • It can make you mouthy, argumentative and aggressive. So if you discover you're a nasty drunk you'd be wise to rein it. Especially if you want to keep your mates.
  • Alcohol is blamed for all kinds of problems in Britain from violent crime to domestic violence and car related deaths.
  • Serious overindulgence can lead to alcohol poisoning which could put you in a coma or even kill you.
  • Long-term use of alcohol has been linked with illnesses like liver damage, stomach cancer and heart disease.
The Law

Under 5 - It is illegal to give an alcoholic drink to a child under 5 except in certain circumstances e.g. under medical supervision.

Under 14 - A person under 14 can't go into a bar or pub unless the pub has a 'children's certificate'. If it doesn't they can only go into parts that aren't licensed where alcohol is either sold but not drunk (e.g. a sales point away from the pub), OR drunk but not sold (e.g. a beer garden or family room).

14 or 15 - 14 and 15 year olds can go anywhere in a pub but can't drink alcohol.

16 or 17 - 16 and 17 year olds can buy (or be bought) beer or cider so long as it's bought to eat with a meal, but not in a bar (i.e. only in a place specifically set aside for meals).Under 18 - Except for 16 and 17 year olds having a meal in a pub, it's against the law for anyone under 18 to buy alcohol in a pub, off-licence or supermarket. It's also illegal to buy alcohol in a pub for someone who's not 18.

Anyone over 18 can buy and drink alcohol legally in licensed premises in Britain.


Anabolic Steroids

Anabolic steroids are similar to and include the male hormone testosterone. They're meant to be used to treat anaemia and muscle weakness after surgery. Not to be confused with other kinds of steroids such as corticosteroids - that is a different drug often used to treat asthma, eczema and skin inflammations.

ID: Users call them roids. Trade names include Sustanon 250, Deca-Durabolin, Dianabol, Anavar, Stanozolol.

Appearance & Use
Steroids can be bought as tablets which are swallowed. They're also bought as liquid which is injected.

Popular with bodybuilders, athletes and other sports people because of their performance enhancing effects. As not all tablets contain active ingredients, it's not uncommon for some people to consume 10-100 times the medical dose.
Cost
Approximately £20 for 100 tablets.
Purity
Many counterfeit anabolic steroids are sold which don't do what the packet says they do. In fact, users can end up paying for tablets that don't contain any active ingredient at all. It's not unusual for anabolic steroids intended for veterinary use to be sold.
The Effects
  • Users claim the drug makes them feel more aggressive.
  • Sports enthusiasts claim steroids make them able to train harder.
  • If taken during a strict exercise regime, they can help build muscle mass.
  • They may also help users recover from strenuous exercise faster.
Chances Of Getting Hooked
Steroids are not physically addictive but a user can quickly become psychologically dependent. After stopping, withdrawal can include lethargy and depression
The Risks
  • Normally calm people can become aggressive or even violent.
  • If you're young, abuse of anabolic steroids can stop you growing properly.
  • Injecting any drug can cause vein damage, ulcers and gangrene. Dirty or shared needles and other injecting works can help the spread of HIV and hepatitis.
  • If you're male, you can get erection problems, grow breasts, become sterile and develop acne. It can also make your testicles shrink. Quite a big price to pay for impressive muscles.
  • If you're female, you can get extra facial hair, a deep voice, shrinking breasts and an increased risk of menstrual problems.
  • You could experience dramatic mood swings and ultimately long-term depression.
  • You may find that you start getting paranoid, confused and have trouble sleeping.
  • Steroids can also give you high blood pressure and increase your risk of liver failure, stroke or heart attack.
The Law

Anabolic steroids are Class C drugs to be sold only by pharmacists with a doctor's prescription. It's legal to possess or import steroids as long as they're for personal use. But possession or importing with intent to supply (which includes giving them to friends) is illegal and could lead to 14 years in prison and an unlimited fine.


Cannabis

The most widely used illegal drug in Britain. It's a naturally occurring drug made from parts of the cannabis plant. It's a mild hallucinogen and often gives sedative like effects that make some people feel chilled out and others feel sick. It's not very expensive and widely available.

ID: Bhang, black, blast, blow, blunts. Bob Hope, bush, dope, draw, ganja, grass, hash, hashish, hemp, herb, marijuana, pot, puff, Northern Lights, resin, sensi, sinsemilla, shit, skunk, smoke, soap, spliff, wacky backy, weed, zero. Some names are based on where it comes from... Afghan, homegrown, Moroccan etc

Appearance & Use
Cannabis comes in different forms.

Hash is a blacky-brown lump made from the resin of the plant. It's quite often squidgey. Grass or weed is the dried leaves of the plant. It looks like tightly packed dried garden herbs.

Less common is sinsemilla. This is bud grown in the absence of male plants and has no seeds. And cannabis oil which is dark and sticky and comes in a small jar.

Most people mix cannabis up with tobacco and smoke it as a spliff or a joint. Some people put it in a pipe. Others make tea with it or stick it in food like cakes.
Cost
Varies widely around the country. Grass is usually more expensive than resin (hash).
Purity
Some unsuspecting people have been known to buy blocks of mud, stock cubes and garden herbs from people pretending to be dealers. The most unpure Cannabis is called 'soap bar'. It's contaminated with all sorts of things. This makes it cheaper but it's a false economy really as it is often harder to get stoned. Some users hate it so much they object to smoking it.
The Effects
Short Term Effects
  • Cannabis often gives sedative like effects that make some people feel chilled out and happy and others have one puff and feel sick.
  • Others get the giggles until the muscles in their face hurt.
  • Hunger pangs are common and are known as 'getting the munchies'.
  • Even hardcore smokers can get anxious, panicky and suspicious.
  • It affects your coordination, which is why drug driving is just as illegal as drink driving.
Longer term effects
Some people think that because cannabis is a plant it is harmless, but that's not true.
  • Cannabis, like tobacco, has chemical 'nasties' which can cause lung disease and cancer with long term or heavy use. Cannabis can make asthma worse.
  • And it increases blood pressure so it is a bad idea for anyone with heart problems.
  • There is also increasing evidence of a link between cannabis and mental health problems such as schizophrenia. If you have a history of mental health problems or are experiencing paranoia or depression you definitely want to steer clear of cannabis.
  • It's estimated that about 10% of users are hooked on cannabis.
  • If you smoke it with tobacco you can get hooked on the tobacco.
  • Frequent use of cannabis can cut a man's sperm count and suppress ovulation in women. If you are pregnant, smoking cannabis may harm the baby.
  • Regular, heavy use makes it harder to learn and concentrate and some people begin to feel tired all the time and can't seem to get motivated.
  • Most people will know of a 'dope head' who has dropped out of the real world.
Chances Of Getting Hooked

There is a minimal risk of physical dependence. Psychological dependency occurs in about 10% of users.

Users are more likely to get addicted to nicotine if they roll their spliffs with tobacco. There are no physical withdrawal symptoms if you've only been using for a short while and there should be no problem stopping (unless you get addicted to the tobacco).

The Risks
Most of the risks associated with cannabis are linked to regular, heavy use. See Longer term effects above.
Self control tips
While you're better to avoid smoking cannabis altogether, if you are finding it difficult to cut down or stop there are tips that you might find useful:
  • To reduce the risk of overdoing it, try to space out the days between using cannabis.
  • Don't buy more than you need thinking you will save some for tomorrow - you probably won't.
  • The more you break up the pattern of use the easier it is to control cannabis and reduce the risks.
  • If you are trying to cut down, avoid things that remind you of cannabis. Certain places, people, events or times might make you think of cannabis and want to take it.
  • Try to identify all the things you associate with using cannabis and make an effort to avoid them until you feel OK about not smoking. Plan to do something else at the time of day you usually have a joint.
Skunk
ID: home-grown, buds, tops, nederwiet/netherweed, sinsemilla

'Skunk' is a term that is often used to describe herbal cannabis grown from selected seeds by intensive indoor methods (e.g. using hydroponic methods, artificial lighting etc.). The term originally related to the strong smell of these particular strains.

Other terms for, and varieties of, such domestically produced herbal cannabis include 'home-grown', 'buds', 'tops', 'nederwiet/netherweed' or domestically produced 'sinsemilla'.
Purity
The method of selection and cultivation of 'home-grown' or 'skunk' tend to produce cannabis with greater average strength than 'imported herbal cannabis' or 'imported cannabis resin' (i.e. greater amounts of the active ingredient 'tetrahydrocannabinol'). It is around twice as potent on average.

It is not actually possible to tell whether a particular sample of 'skunk' will be any higher potency than an equal amount of 'imported herbal cannabis' - because the potencies overlap substantially. The potency anyway decreases over time in storage and is affected by what parts of the plant have been included in the product - so a user has little guarantee about the strength. The strength of the skunk smell appears to be no guide to actual potency either.

Effects
  • Clearly a stronger 'joint' may have more powerful effects, but you may inhale less and use less to moderate this.
  • Some users may want to buy stronger herbal cannabis to get a stronger effect but unpleasant reactions may also be more powerful when you use stronger strains.
Cost
£200 for skunk per ounce (price may vary).
The Law

Cannabis is illegal; it's a C drug.

If you are caught with cannabis:
If you are under 18 you will be arrested. If you are over 18 you might be arrested, or given a warning. The drug will be confiscated.

The maximum penalty is a two year prison sentence. For less serious cases you are likely to get a warning or a reprimand. This goes on your record and if you get caught again you could end up in court.

You can be arrested even if you are only carrying a very small amount.

Blatant smoking in public, or repeat offending, will also result in an arrest.

Drug driving is as illegal as drink driving. You could go to prison, get a heavy fine or be disqualified.

People who grow cannabis in their homes will be arrested and prosecuted and might be charged with 'intent to supply' which has the same penalties as dealing.

Allowing people to take cannabis in your house or any other premises is illegal. If the police catch someone smoking cannabis in a club they can prosecute the landlord, club owner or person holding the party.

A drug conviction could mess up your chances of getting your ideal job.

If you are caught dealing cannabis:
The police will consider this a much more serious offence than possession. It's a maximum penalty of 14 years in prison.

Sorting out your mates with cannabis is still seen as dealing.

Using cannabis to relieve pain
Possessing cannabis is an offence whatever you're using it for.

A report has just been published by a group of experts in the drugs field (the Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs).
Find out more about the report


Cocaine

Cocaine and crack are both stimulants with powerful, but short-lived effects. The big difference is that crack is much stronger and more addictive than cocaine.

ID: Cocaine is also known as coke, charlie, C, white, Percy, snow, toot.

Appearance & Use
Coke is a white powder that's usually divided into lines on a smooth surface and snorted up the nose with a rolled up tenner or a straw. It can be smoked and is sometimes made into a solution and injected.
Cost
A gram of coke generally costs between £40 and £60.
Purity
40 tonnes of cocaine were brought into Britain last year*. Coke is big business. So it's not unusual to find the odd wrap padded out with a bit of sugar, starch or talcum powder. Truth is that some wraps of coke would do a good job of cleaning the bathroom.

*Source: National Criminal Intelligence Service
The Effects
  • Taking coke makes users feel on top of the world. It's a bit like speed (amphetamines) but it's stronger and doesn't last as long. People taking it feel wide awake, confident and on top of their game.
  • Coke's a stimulant it raises body temperature, makes the heart beat faster and staves off feelings of hunger.

There is a flip side.

  • After a big night on coke it's not unusual for people to feel like they've got the flu.
  • Some people act like they're the greatest... dancer.. lover.. comedian on the planet. Usually they're not.
  • The hit from coke doesn't last long (20-30 minutes).
  • When the effects start to wear off there's a strong temptation to take more.
Chances Of Getting Hooked
Coke is very addictive. It can be very difficult to resist the craving and strong psychological dependence due to changes in the brain. Recent evidence suggests possible long-term changes to the nervous system.

Although psychological dependence is more of a problem than physical withdrawal symptoms, low mood and feeling very rough soon after stopping can also tempt people to take more coke. A habit can be expensive and take over your life.

The Risks
  • Crack and cocaine users have died from overdose. High doses can raise the body's temperature, cause convulsions and respiratory arrest. Risk of overdosing increases if crack is mixed with heroin, barbiturates or alcohol.
  • Cocaine is bad news for anybody with high blood pressure or a heart condition. Perfectly fit, young people can have a fit or heart attack after taking too much coke.
  • Those who get into coke often find they begin to crave it more and more.
  • Using it a lot makes people feel depressed and run down.
  • Too much sniffing coke and you're sneezing lumps out of your nose into a hanky.
  • People who use crack or coke regularly often develop serious problems with anxiety and paranoia. It's a known cause of panic attacks.
  • Because the effects wear off so quickly, cocaine and crack are expensive drugs. A cocaine habit can seriously damage your wallet.
  • Very large doses can cause death from heart or respiratory problems. You may not know you have a pre-existing heart condition.
  • Large or frequent use of coke tends to knock sexual desire on the head.
  • If there have been previous mental health problems coke could bring those problems to the surface again. If a close relative has had mental health problems there might also be an increased risk in some users.
  • Injecting any drug can cause vein damage, ulcers and gangrene. Dirty or shared needles and other injecting works can help the spread of HIV and hepatitis.
  • It's easier to overdose injecting. Cocaine is a local anaesthetic and it deadens pain at the injection site. This makes it harder for injectors to notice the damage they may be doing.
  • Using alcohol and cocaine together can be deadly.
  • Injecting a mixture of cocaine and heroin, known as a 'Speedball' is one of the most dangerous cocktails you can put in a human body. It is also potentially deadly.
  • Taking coke when you're pregnant can damage your baby. Coke causes miscarriage, premature labour and smaller babies and may cause congenital abnormalities. Babies born to mothers who keep using throughout their pregnancy show withdrawal syndrome.
The Law

Cocaine and crack are Class A drugs - illegal to have, give away or sell. Possession can get you up to seven years in jail. Supplying someone else with it can get you life and an unlimited fine.

Fact: Passing drugs among friends is supplying in the eyes of the law.

Fact: A drug conviction could stand between you and your ideal job.


Crack

Crack is a smokeable form of Cocaine that's made into small lumps or rocks. It's called crack because it makes a crackling sound when it's being burnt. It's a stimulant with short-lived effects and it's properly addictive.

ID: Crack is also known as rocks, wash, stones, pebbles, base, freebase.

Appearance & Use
A rock of crack is about the size of a raisin. It's usually smoked in a pipe, glass tube, plastic bottle or in foil. Most people take it this way and it's known as freebasing. Although it can be injected.
Cost
A rock costs between £12 and £20 although it's sometimes sold cheaper by the slice or as a 'clubbing rock' for about £10.
Purity
Crack is cocaine, baking soda and water.
The Effects
  • Crack has the same short-lived effects as cocaine but they're much, much stronger.
  • The effects are immediate, peak for about two minutes and last about 10 minutes.
  • Crack makes users feel alive, exhilarated, confident and wide awake. It kills all feelings of pain, tiredness and hunger.
But the flip side is:
  • After the 20 minute high comes a long, low crash which can be associated with massive cravings to take more.
  • The high can come with hallucinations, huge mood swings and massive paranoia.
  • Some people get aggressive or violent.
  • The crash makes people feel sick, tired and depressed.
  • Regular users look excited but nervous. Heavy users have trouble sleeping and feel sick quite a lot.
  • Heavy crack users may take heroin to try to dull the cravings, which can increase the risks.
Chances Of Getting Hooked

Regular crack users can quickly become physically and psychologically dependant. This is a difficult drug to control.

The Risks
  • Crack users have died from overdose. High doses can raise the body's temperature, cause convulsions and respiratory arrest. Risk of overdosing increases if crack is mixed with heroin, barbiturates or alcohol.
  • Cocaine in any form can be bad news for anybody with high blood pressure or a heart condition.
  • Too much smoking crack can cause breathing problems and pains in the chest. Smoking anything damages the lungs.
  • Using a lot can bring on a seizure or a fit.
  • People who use crack and coke regularly often develop serious problems with anxiety and paranoia. It's also a known cause of panic attacks.
  • Because the effects wear off so quickly, cocaine and crack are expensive drugs. Falling under the spell of crack could leave the richest person bankrupt.
  • Because of the addictive nature of crack there is a strong link to crime as users seek to fund their habit.
  • Very large doses can cause death from heart or respiratory problems but it's rare.
  • Large or frequent use of crack tends to knock sexual desire on the head.
  • If there have been previous mental health problems crack could bring those problems to the surface again. If a close relative has had mental health problems there might also be an increased risk in some users.
  • Injecting any drug can cause vein damage, ulcers and gangrene. Dirty or shared needles and other injecting works can help the spread of HIV and hepatitis.
  • It's easier to overdose injecting.
  • Injecting a mixture of cocaine and heroin, known as a 'speedball' is one of the most dangerous cocktails you can put in a human body.
  • Taking crack when you're pregnant can damage your baby. Coke causes miscarriage, premature labour and smaller babies and may cause congenital abnormalities. Babies born to mothers who keep using throughout their pregnancy show withdrawal syndrome.
The Law

Crack is a Class A drug - illegal to have, give away or sell. Possessing crack can get you up to seven years in jail. Supplying someone else with it can get you life and an unlimited fine.

Fact: Passing drugs among friends is supplying in the eyes of the law.

Fact: A drug conviction could stand between you and your ideal job.


crystal meth

Methylamphetamine (commonly referred to as methamphetamine) is one of a group of a psychostimulant drugs called amphetamines that act on the brain and nervous system.

ID: Methamphetamine, Methylamphetamine, Ice, Glass, Tina, Christine, Yaba, Crazy medicine.

Appearance & Use
Illicit methylamphetamine is produced in tablet, powder, or crystalline forms. These products are taken orally, snorted or can be prepared for injection, but unlike amphetamine, methylamphetamine can also be smoked.

The powder is sometimes referred to as 'crystal meth', but this term is more often used for the purer crystalline form, also known as 'ice', 'glass', 'tina' and 'christine'.

The tablet form is sometimes referred to as 'yaba'.
The Effects

Methylamphetamine can bring on a feeling of exhilaration and produces increased arousal and activity levels. It also reduces tiredness and suppresses appetite. It causes a rapid heart rate and a rise in blood pressure, and the higher the dose the greater these effects.

Other acute effects reported include agitation, paranoia, confusion and violence.

Chances Of Getting Hooked

As with other amphetamines, methylamphetamine is a drug that affects the brain reward pathways and use can lead to the need to take more to achieve the same effects (tolerance) and can lead to psychological and physical dependence. Using the drug by intravenous injecting or by smoking is particularly liable to lead to such addiction.

Smoking the purer crystalline form (also known as 'crystal meth' or 'ice') produces a very intense 'rush' similar to that produced by crack cocaine but longer-lasting - between 4 and 12 hours. This is highly reinforcing and can quickly become highly addictive. The greater potency of the 'ice' form, particularly when smoked, makes it a greater threat than other forms of methylamphetamine.

The Risks
Methylamphetamine-induced psychosis has been widely reported in countries where there is epidemic use.

In cases of overdose, stroke, pulmonary, renal and gastrointestinal disorders are also seen, and coma and death can occur.

Methylamphetamine use can be associated with injecting drug use and sharing of paraphernalia.

Using the drug may also increase libido and risky sexual behaviour and thereby increasing the risk of blood born virus transmission in some.

The Law

There is little evidence that methylamphetamine is manufactured or imported into the UK to any appreciable extent. However, there are informal anecdotal reports from the London area of methylamphetamine being used by certain groups including drug takers within the gay community, those attending dance music night-clubs and, to a lesser extent, drug users within immigrant communities from South East Asia.

It is currently controlled under the Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 as a Class B drug. Possession of the drug may attract a penalty of up to 5 years imprisonment plus a fine, supply may attract a penalty of up to 14 years plus a fine.



Ecstasy

The original designer drug. Ecstasy shot to fame in the early 90's as the rave culture took off and clubbers took it to stay awake and dance for hours. An estimated 500,000* people take it every weekend.

There's a lot of controversy about the long term side effects of E. Some evidence suggests it can damage the brain causing long term problems.

*Source: www.drugscope.org.uk

ID: E, pills, brownies, burgers, disco biscuits, hug drug, 'Mitsubishi's', 'Rolex's', 'Dolphin's', XTC

Appearance & Use

Pure Ecstasy is a white crystalline powder known to chemists as MDMA. Ecstasy sold on the street is usually in tablet form although it's getting more common to see it sold as powder. E's come in all sorts of colours and some of them have pictures or logos stamped into them.

They are usually swallowed although some people do smoke or snort them.

The effects take about half an hour to kick in and tend to last between 3 to 6 hours, followed by a gradual comedown. It's the drug of choice for many clubbers and 4% of 16-25 year olds have taken some in the last 3 months.

People have been known to take another E because they haven't come up. The danger is both E's kick in and you have a double dose to deal with.

Cost

Between £3 and £8 depending on the type of pill you buy and where you live.

Purity

A big problem with E's nowadays is that they're rarely pure. It's cheaper to make them with amphetamine, caffeine, and substances that would feel more at home under your kitchen sink.

Some of the new manmade drugs like PMA and 4MTA are often passed off as E. Their effects can be very different and they may take longer to kick-in with a risk of double-dosing to compensate (and double the side effects).

The Effects
  • E gives people an energy buzz that makes them feel alert and alive. Clubbers love it because it means they can dance for hours without feeling tired.
  • Ecstasy can take anything between 20 and 60 minutes to kick in.
  • E makes people feel in tune with their surroundings. Sounds and colours feel more intense. A certain track of music can suddenly take on a spiritual significance.
  • E makes emotions feel more intense. Users often feel great love for the people they're with and the strangers around them. E taken on its own is not a drug that makes people violent.
  • Lots of people feel chatty on E. (These chats don't always make sense to people who aren't on E).
  • E dilates the pupils, produces a tingling feeling, tightens the jaw muscles, raises the body temperature and makes the heart beat faster.
There is a flip side:
  • People who aren't on E aren't always best pleased at being hugged by someone who's really sweaty. Or having their girlfriend/boyfriend chatted up by a random stranger.
  • Short-term effects can include anxiety, panic attacks, confused episodes, first-time epileptic fits and paranoia. Current evidence suggests that long term use can cause depression, personality change and memory loss.
  • No one knows what an E's got in it until they've swallowed it. There may be negative side effects from other ingredients in the tablet.
  • E can makes users feel a bit down afterwards. Ecstasy Blues is the term given to the bad mood many clubbers feel on Mondays and Tuesdays after a big weekend.
Chances Of Getting Hooked
It's not addictive but it is possible to build up a tolerance which means people take more and more to get the same buzz. You may develop a psychological dependence.
The Risks
  • There have been over 200 ecstasy related deaths in the UK since 1996. Some are linked to the way ecstasy controls the body's temperature control mechanism. E can cause the body's temperature to rise to dangerously high levels. Add to that a sweaty dancefloor and dehydration and there's the potential for 'double heat-stroke'. Some deaths have been linked to other drugs like PMA which have been sold as ecstasy.
  • Using E has also been linked to liver, kidney and heart problems. Anyone using too much can get paranoid and depressed as well.
  • Ecstasy affects the body's temperature control. Dancing for long periods in a hot atmosphere increases the chances of overheating and dehydration. Make sure you take regular breaks from the dance floor to cool down, especially if it's rammed. Watch out for your mates. People can get so out of their faces they don't realise they're in danger of overheating or getting dehydrated. Reduce the risks by sipping no more than a pint of water or non-alcoholic fluid every hour.
  • Be careful - drinking too much can be dangerous or even fatal. The drug can cause the body to release a hormone which prevents the production of urine. This means that if you drink a few pints of liquid too quickly, it interferes with your body's salt balance which can be as deadly as not drinking enough water.
  • Some long-term users report getting colds, flu and sore throats more often. But then staying awake for 24 hours is always going to give your immune system a battering.
  • There is speculation that the exhaustion and dehydration associated with E can activate urine infections like cystitis in women.
  • E's can contain toxic other chemicals like MPTP, a drug known to cause irreversible Parkinson's disease. It's highly unlikely that many E's have MPTP in them. But the point is that taking E is a gamble.
  • Anyone with a heart condition, blood pressure problems, epilepsy or asthma can have a very dangerous reaction to the drug.
The Law

Ecstasy is a Class A drug - illegal to have, give away or sell. Possession can get you up to seven years in jail. Supplying someone else with it can get you life and an unlimited fine.

Fact: Passing drugs among friends is supplying in the eyes of the law.

Fact: Some countries may refuse visas to people with drug convictions.

Fact: A drug conviction could stand between you and your ideal job.


Gases, Glues & Aerosols
Solvents cover a huge number of substances:

Gas lighter refills, aerosols containing hairspray, deodorants and air fresheners, tins or tubes of glue, some paints, thinners and correcting fluids, cleaning fluids, surgical spirit, dry-cleaning fluids and petroleum products

When inhaled, solvents have a similar effect to alcohol. They make people feel uninhibited, euphoric and dizzy.

ID: Gases, Aerosols, Glue, Thinners, Volatile Substances
Appearance & Use
All sorts of famous household names. Each contain different substances with different effects.

Solvents are sniffed from a cloth, a sleeve or a plastic bag. Some users put a plastic bag over their heads and inhale that way. Gas products can be squirted directly into the back of the throat which makes it difficult to control the dose.

Most users are between 11 and 16.
Cost
A couple of £'s will buy a solvent.
Purity
Sniffing solvents isn't for anyone whose body is a temple. There's all sorts of chemical muck involved. It all depends on what's being sniffed.
The Effects
  • Users say it's like being drunk with dizziness, dreaminess and fits of the giggles. It can be difficult to think straight.
  • The hit is quite short so users tend to keep repeating the dose to keep the feeling going.
  • Depending on what's being inhaled, some users can hallucinate. This can last for up to 45 minutes.
  • It can give users a 'hangover' afterwards, giving them the mother of all headaches and making them sleepy.
  • Depending on the substance, it can give users a red rash around their mouths
Chances Of Getting Hooked
There's no evidence that inhaling solvents can make a user physically dependent although a tolerance can build up within 2-3 days of continual use. It is possible to be psychologically dependent.
The Risks
  • At best, you risk nausea, vomiting and blackouts.
  • At worst, you risk fatal heart problems which have been known to kill users the very first time they sniff.
  • Squirting gas products down the throat is a particularly dangerous way of taking the drug. It can make your throat swell so you can't breathe and make your heart slow to a dangerously low level.
  • You risk suffocation if you inhale from a plastic bag over your head.
  • Sniffing can seriously affect your judgement and when you're high, there's a very real danger you'll try something reckless.
  • Long-term abuse of solvents has been shown to damage the brain, liver and kidneys.
  • It can be hard to get the amount right. Just enough will give the desired high, just a little too much can result in coma.
  • Solvent abuse killed 64 people in 2000. A quarter of these were people under 18.
  • Using solvents in combination with alcohol can lead to an increased risk of death.
The Law

Solvent misuse isn't illegal. It is illegal in England and Wales for shopkeepers to sell you intoxicating substances if they think you are likely to be inhaling them. In Scotland the law is different but the effect is similar. Under Scottish law you can be prosecuted for 'recklessly' selling substances to any age group if you suspect they're going to inhale them.

Since October 1999, the law makes it an offence to supply gas lighter refills to anyone under the age of 18. This law applies to the whole of the UK.

Fact: A drug conviction could stand between you and your ideal job.


GHB

Not to be mistaken with GBH the crime, although there are reasons why people might confuse the two. GHB is a dangerous drug which can cause grievous bodily harm. That's because it's hard to tell the difference between a dose that gives a pleasant buzz and an overdose that could kill you.

ID: GHB, GBH, Liquid Ecstasy, gammahydroxybutrate.

Appearance & Use

GHB is usually sold as an odourless liquid in small bottles or capsules. It's rarer but it does come in powder form. It tastes slightly salty. A teaspoon or a capful is a normal dose although strength of GHB varies so it can be very difficult for people to know how much they are taking. The effects start between 10 minutes to one hour after taking it and can last up to a whole day.

Cost

A 30ml plastic container is about £15.

Purity

The strength of the liquid varies wildly from bottle to bottle. And when mixed badly it can really burn the mouth.

The Effects
  • A small capful has a euphoric effect that makes users feel happy, sensual and uninhibited. As more and more is taken it acts like a sedative or downer and makes people sleepy.
  • Too much and users feel disoriented and sick. Muscles can go numb or start to spasm.
  • Excessive use can cause a fit or seizure.
Chances Of Getting Hooked
You can develop both physical and psychological dependency.
The Risks
  • It is very dangerous and can be fatal when mixed with alcohol or other drugs.
  • Users can lose consciousness, as it's hard to know what strength the dose is.
  • Too many hits could cause sickness, stiff muscles, fits and collapse.
  • No one knows what GHB could do to you 20 years down the line.
  • Because GHB can really knock you out it's been linked to drug assisted sexual assault. And because it's almost tasteless it's easily slipped in a drink. In a Home Office report in June 2000, 123 victims of drug-assisted assaults were questioned and 70% of the rapists were known to the victim. One in five could not remember the assault but 70% felt physically unable to resist. *
  • * source: Metropolitan Police June 2000
The Law

GHB is a Class C drug - illegal to have, give away or sell. Possession can get you up to two years in jail. Supplying someone else can get you up to fourteen.


Heroin

Heroin is a natural opiate. It's made from the morphine which comes from the opium poppy. Like many drugs made from opium, including the synthetic opioids like methadone, heroin is a very strong painkiller.

Heroin sold as 'brown' is sometimes used by clubbers as a chill out after a big night out. Brown is still heroin, some people mistakenly think it's not as addictive.

ID: Brown, skag, H, horse, gear, smack.

Appearance & Use

Heroin comes as a white powder when it's pure such as that used by doctors. But thanks to the range of substances it's cut with, street heroin can be anything from brownish white to brown.

It can be smoked, snorted or dissolved in water and injected.

Cost

Feeding a heroin habit can cost up to £100 a day. Finding the money to fund a habit is tough and some users turn to crime to get the money they need.

Purity

Heroin is big business. And the more cheap fillers dealers can mix with it to pad it out, the more cash they'll make.

A user has no way of knowing what their heroin is mixed with. Recent tests have shown it can contain nutmeg, brick dust, and ground-up gravel.

The Effects
  • Heroin slows down body functioning and stops physical and psychological pain.
  • Most users get a rush or buzz a few minutes after taking it.
  • A small dose of heroin gives the user a feeling of warmth and well-being.
  • Bigger doses can make the user sleepy and very relaxed.
  • The first dose of heroin can bring about dizziness and vomiting.
Chances Of Getting Hooked
Big time even when it's smoked. Heroin is not addictive instantly but over time the desired effects reduce so much that users have to take more and more just to get the same effects and even more just to feel 'normal'. Effects on the brain cause 'craving' and strong psychological and physical dependence.

Drugs have been developed to help treat heroin addiction. These include substitutes for heroin such as methadone and subutex (bupranorphine) and also drugs like naltrexone that block the effects of heroin so you can't get a high.
The Risks
  • Deaths from overdose occur. But the risk increases after a period off the drug because the body's tolerance for the drug goes down.
  • Excessive doses can lead to coma and even death from respiratory failure.
  • If heroin is taken with other drugs, including alcohol, overdose is much more likely.
  • Other downers such as benzodiazepine tranquillisers are also associated with heroin overdose deaths.
  • There's a risk of death due to inhaling vomit as heroin stops the body's cough reflex working properly.
  • Injecting heroin can do nasty damage to your veins and has been known to lead to gangrene.
  • The risks of sharing needles and other works to inject are well-known, putting you in danger of infections like hepatitis B or C and of course HIV/AIDS.
The Law

Heroin is a class A drug. This means that possessing it can lead to a prison sentence of up to 7 years and an unlimited fine. Supplying (which includes giving it to a friend) could lead to a life sentence and another unlimited fine.

Fact: Passing drugs among friends is supplying in the eyes of the law.

Fact: A drug conviction could stand between you and your ideal job.


Ketamine

Ketamine is a short-acting but powerful general anaesthetic which has been used for operating on humans and animals. It has powerful hallucinogenic qualities. Ketamine first appeared on the streets in the States in the 70s.

ID: Green, K, special K, super K, vitamin K

Purity

Legally produced ketamine comes in liquid form which is injected. The illegally produced version usually comes as a grainy white powder which is snorted or bought as a tablet.

The Effects
  • Ketamine can cause perceptual changes like LSD, in addition to its effects on reducing bodily sensation. Users can trip for up to an hour and may feel after-effects for some hours.
  • It can give the user an 'out of body' experience.
  • Some users say it feels like their mind and body have been separated.
  • In some cases, users may be physically incapable of moving while under the influence.
Chances Of Getting Hooked
You can become psychologically but not physically dependent on Ketamine.
The Risks
  • Because you don't feel any pain when you're on ketamine, you're in danger of injuring yourself badly and having no idea you've done it.
  • High doses, especially with other depressant drugs like alcohol, can dangerously suppress breathing and heart function.
  • Ketamine is very dangerous when it is mixed with other drugs or even alcohol, for example it can lead to unconsciousness with depressant drugs or alcohol. It can also cause high blood pressure, which can be particularly dangerous with drugs like Ecstasy or amphetamines.
  • It can cause panic attacks, depression and in large doses can exaggerate pre-existing mental health problems such as schizophrenia.
  • If high enough doses are taken, the anaesthetic effect can result in death from inhaling vomit.
The Law

Ketamine is a Class C drug which means that it's illegal to possess it and to supply it. Possession can get you up to two years in prison and an unlimited fine.

Fact: Passing drugs among friends is supplying in the eyes of the law.

Fact: A drug conviction could stand between you and your ideal job.


Khat

Khat is a stimulant with similar effects to amphetamine. It comes from a leafy green plant of the same name. Used mostly in Africa, Khat is getting more common in Europe particularly in immigrant communities.

ID: Khat, quat, qat, qaadka, chat, Catha edulis

Appearance & Use

Khat is a leaf which is chewed over a number of hours.

Cost

A 'hit' which is a small bunch of leaves costs around £4.

Purity

Because Khat comes in recognisable leaf form, it can't be cut with anything.

The Effects
  • Khat is a stimulant and chewing it can make people feel more alert and talkative.
  • It can also suppress the appetite.
  • Although it's a stimulant, many users report a feeling of calm if it's chewed over a few hours. Some describe it as being 'blissed out'.
Chances Of Getting Hooked
Khat can make a user psychologically dependent so when they stop using it they feel depressed.
The Risks
  • If you use it a lot, you may develop insomnia, heart problems and sexual problems like impotence
  • It can give you feelings of anxiety and aggression.
  • Some people find it makes them irritable, in some cases very angry and even violent.
  • It can make pre-existing mental health problems worse.
  • Those with other problems such as unemployment may be more prone to excessive use.
The Law

Khat is not an illegal drug in the UK. It can be used or traded without penalty. Khat is an illegal substance in many other countries like the US. Taking khat into the US could attract a heavy prison sentence.


LSD
LSD or Lysergic Acid Diethylamide is a hallucinogenic drug originally derived from ergot, a fungus found growing wild on rye and other grasses. It's commonly called acid. The experience is known as a trip and these trips can be good or bad. A good trip can be a lot of fun. A bad trip is your worst nightmare come to life.

This isn't the drug for people who like to stay in control of their environment.

ID: Acid, blotter, cheer, dots, drop, flash, hawk, L, lightening flash, liquid acid, Lucy, micro dot, paper mushrooms, rainbows, smilies, stars, tab, trips, tripper, window. Sometimes LSD is known by the pictures on them e.g. strawberries.
Appearance & Use
As a street drug it's usually sold as tiny squares of paper, usually with pictures on them. But it can be found as a liquid or as tiny pellets.

A trip can take from 20 minutes to an hour to start and usually lasts about 12 hours. Once it's started you can't stop it. And until you take a tab of acid you can't tell how strong it is or how it's going to affect you.
Cost
£1 - £5 a tab
Purity
It's rare to get duff acid. The mistake some people make is that they think it hasn't worked so they take more and find it's too much for them to handle. Some acid can take up to two hours to make itself known.
The Effects
Acid has very random and sometimes very frightening effects. Trips feed off a person's imagination. One person can spend 12 hours in a very happy place while someone else who's bought the same stuff can spend 12 hours lost in their own fears and paranoia.

How the trip goes has everything to do with who you are, how you're feeling and how comfortable you are with the people you are with.

  • A trip can speed up and slow down time.
  • Trips can speed up and slow down movement.
  • Colour, sound and objects can get distorted. Think dancing wallpaper, angry traffic cones and double vision.
  • Trips can make a happy person happier and a freaked out person more panicky and confused.
There is a flip side:
  • If panic sets in the experience can be scary and confusing.
  • Bad trips can be terrifying.
  • Flashbacks sometimes happen. This is when part of the trip is re-lived way after the trip was taken. This is usually weeks or months after taking the LSD but can be longer.
Chances Of Getting Hooked
Not addictive.
The Risks
  • There's no evidence to suggest LSD does any long-term damage to the body or long-term psychological damage.
  • However, if you have mental health issues, acid can make them worse.
  • If you have a history of serious mental health problems in your family it may be a bad idea to take acid as it can bring underlying problems to the surface.
  • Avoid taking acid if you're in a bad mood. People have been known to harm themselves during a bad trip.
The Law
LSD is a Class A drug - illegal to have, give away or sell. Possession can get you up to seven years in jail. Supplying someone else with LSD can get you life and an unlimited fine.

Fact: Passing drugs among friends is supplying in the eyes of the law.

Fact: Some countries refuse visas to people with drug convictions..

Fact: A drug conviction could stand between you and your ideal job.


Magic Mushrooms

Magic Mushrooms are mushrooms which grow in the wild that produce similar effects to LSD when you eat them. There are two main types and they are both very different.

The most common form is a species called psilocybe, the other more potent variety is amanita muscaria. There are deadly poisonous species of amanitas. If you don't know what you're doing, don't take them.

ID: Liberties, magics, mushies, liberty cap, psilcybe semilanceata, psilcybin, shrooms, Amani agaric, Fly Agaric.

Appearance & Use
Psilcybin mushrooms are small and tan coloured and bruise blue when they're touched. Amanita Muscaria are more like the red and white spotted toadstools you see in fairytale books.

After picking, they're both either eaten raw or dried out and stored. Most people take between 1-5 grams.
Cost
Free if you know where to find them or up to £5 for a handful.
Purity
The biggest danger with taking any magic mushrooms is making sure you're taking the right thing. There are hundreds of varieties of out there and some of them are highly poisonous.

And as you'd expect with something that grows naturally, the strength varies depending on the freshness, the season and regional variations.
The Effects
Both types of mushroom give you a trip. Trips can be good or bad. A good trip can be a lot of fun. A bad trip is your worst nightmare come to life. Any sort of trip can have quite random and sometimes very frightening effects. Trips feed off a person's imagination. One person can spend six hours in a very happy place while someone else who's taken the same mushrooms can spend six hours lost in their own fears and paranoia.

How the trip goes has everything to do with who you are, how you're feeling and how comfortable you are with the people you are with.

The effects for both mushrooms can take between 30 minutes to two hours to happen. The strongest part of the trip takes 4-10 hours and the after-effects usually last a further 2-6 hours. The more you take, the longer your trip could last.
  • Both mushrooms can distort colour, sound and objects.
  • Both mushrooms can speed up and slow down time and movement.
  • Both mushrooms can make you feel more emotionally sensitive. Some people feel more creative and enlightened.
  • Amanita's can give you the sort of out of body experience that makes you feel like you're dreaming when you're awake.
  • Amanita's can give you synesthesia which allows you to smell words and taste colours.
  • Bad trips are seriously frightening and unsettling. And you can't tell whether you're going to have a bad trip or a good trip (although there are things you can do to try and avoid a bad trip).
  • You're not in complete control of what you're doing. Your perception of your body and the world around you can be distorted.
  • Both mushrooms can make you feel sick, tired and disoriented.
  • Amanita's can make you nervous, twitchy and cold.
  • Amanita's can make make you feel so withdrawn inside your own head that you can't hold a sensible conversation.
Chances Of Getting Hooked
Magic Mushrooms are not addictive in any way.
The Risks
  • Eating the wrong kind of mushroom can make you seriously ill, and even kill you.
  • Magic Mushrooms can complicate any mental health issues you may have. Anyone with a history of schizophrenia should stay away from Magic Mushrooms.
The Law

The new Drugs Act 2005 has changed the law so that now both fresh and prepared (e.g. dried or stewed) magic mushrooms are classified as Class A drugs. Possession can get you up to seven years in jail and an unlimited fine. Supplying someone else with magic mushrooms can get you life and an unlimited fine.


Methadone

Opiates are derived from the opium poppy. Opium is the dried milk of the opium poppy. It contains morphine and codeine, both effective painkillers.

Methadone is one of a number of synthetic opiates (also called opioids) that are manufactured for medical use and have similar effects to heroin. These include dihydrocodeine (DF118s), pethidine (often used in childbirth), diconal, palfium and temgesic.

Methadone and subutex (buprenorphine) are used as substitutes for heroin in the treatment of heroin addiction.

ID: methadone, methadone mixture, meth, linctus, physeptone.

Other synthetic opiates include: DF118 (dihydrocodeine), pethidine, diconal (containing dipipanone), palfium (dextromoramide) and temgesic or subutex (buprenorphine).

Appearance & Use
The methadone that's prescribed to people trying to come off heroin is usually a syrup which is swallowed. Pethidine, dihydrocodeine (DF118s), diconal, palfium, temgesic and also some types of methadone come in tablet or injectable form.

Effects can start quickly and can last several hours but this varies with how much is taken and how much the drug is taken.

Cost

The street cost of methadone is £1 per 10ml.

Purity

Methadone that is prescribed by a doctor is subject to stringent controls, as with any other medicine so you can be sure it's unadulterated. You can't be as sure with methadone that's bought on the street.

The Effects
  • Opiates are sedative drugs that depress the nervous system. They slow down body functioning and stop physical and psychological pain. The effect is usually to give a feeling of warmth, relaxation and detachment.
  • Methadone stops people feeling anxious.
  • See also the effects of heroin.
There is a flip side:
  • They make the pupils in the eye go like pinheads and make users constipated.
  • Some people are sick the first time they take drugs like Methadone and if you are a woman they can stop you having regular periods (but you can still conceive).
Chances Of Getting Hooked
Opiates are highly addictive see Heroin. Methadone doesn't deliver the same degree of buzz or high like heroin. It allows people to tackle their psychological addiction and stabilize their lifestyle when used as a substitute for heroin in treatment it stops withdrawal symptoms. Then the dose can be reduced slowly until that user is off the drug completely. When used to come off heroin there are still problems with withdrawal but there are much less severe than 'cold turkey' that occurs when stopping heroin.